The integration of upland rice cultivation within oil palm plantations has gained attention as a viable approach to enhancing land productivity while delivering socioeconomic benefits to farmers, particularly in regions where optimizing land use and safeguarding access to adequate food supplies remains essential. This work delves into the socio-economic implications of this intercropping system through a qualitative literature review, drawing insights from at least 60 scholarly sources indexed in Google Scholar. Data collection involved document analysis of peer-reviewed journals, policy papers, and technical reports to ensure credibility and relevance. A thematic analysis framework was employed to categorize key socio-economic factors, including income diversification, labor utilization, cost-efficiency dynamics, and market accessibility. The findings indicate that intercropping contributes to increased household earnings, improved food supply, and more efficient land use. However, challenges such as resource competition, substantial initial investment, and market fluctuations remain significant barriers. This study concludes that while oil palm–upland rice intercropping presents considerable economic and social benefits, its long-term sustainability depends on well-structured land management policies, farmer capacity-building initiatives, and improved market integration strategies.