Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) dominate Jamaica’s morbidity and mortality profile and increasingly affect working-aged adults (15-64 years), with implications for productivity, household welfare, and health system costs. Using triangulated evidence from national surveys, administrative data, and regional/global repositories, this paper synthesises current knowledge on NCD prevalence, risk factors, and health-system responses among working-aged Jamaicans. It contrasts Jamaica’s experience with regional and international benchmarks. We frame the analysis with a socio-ecological lens and pose research questions on the scale, distribution, and determinants of NCDs in working-age groups, and on the adequacy of current policy instruments. Descriptive indicators show high burdens of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, with pronounced sex, age, and socio-economic gradients. Bivariate patterns link modifiable risks – diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, and tobacco – to these outcomes, while inferential evidence from national surveys identifies education, residence, and material living standards as significant correlates. Compared with other Caribbean and American settings, Jamaica’s adult obesity and diabetes burdens are similarly elevated, whereas tobacco use remains relatively lower. We discuss data gaps, measurement issues, and programmatic progress, highlighting the need to update and fully implement the national NCD strategic plan and to scale workplace-centered prevention. Policy recommendations prioritize fiscal and regulatory measures for healthier diets, physical-activity-friendly environments, targeted primary care for high-risk workers, and improved surveillance. This synthesis underscores the urgency of protecting Jamaica working-age population from avoidable NCD morbidity and premature
mortality [1-9].