Polymer nanocomposites compounds (PNCs) are an emerging class of materials that integrate polymer matrices with nanoscale fillers (such as hydroxyapatite), in order to enhance their physico-chemical and biological properties. This mini-review present recent advances in PNCs development and their potential applications in biomedical and environmental domain. The focus of this mini-review is on how the incorporation of nanoparticles into the polymer matrix (dextran) tailors the performance and allows for use in multifunctional applications (such as: biomedical, environmental, etc.).